Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common and debilitating issue affecting numerous individuals across the globe. It can interfere with daily activities, diminish productivity, and pose risks, such as accidents while driving or operating machinery. To combat EDS effectively, one must be aware of the habits and factors contributing to it. This article explores various factors and behaviors that individuals should avoid to mitigate excessive daytime sleepiness.

1. Getting inadequate sleep
Perhaps the most obvious culprit behind EDS is insufficient sleep. Adults typically require seven to nine hours of quality sleep each night to function optimally during the day. Cutting back on sleep hours regularly can lead to sleep debt, causing daytime drowsiness. To prevent this, individuals should prioritize a consistent sleep schedule and allocate sufficient time for restorative slumber.

2. Having an inconsistent sleep schedule
Irregular sleep patterns, such as staying up late on weekends and then trying to compensate by sleeping excessively during the week, can disrupt the body’s internal clock. This inconsistency can result in EDS as the body struggles to maintain a stable sleep-wake cycle. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, even on weekends, is crucial.

3. Consuming excessive caffeine
Overindulgence in caffeine can disrupt sleep patterns. While caffeine is known for its ability to boost alertness temporarily, consuming it too late in the day can interfere with nighttime sleep, leading to EDS the following day. Similarly, some other beverages may have sedative effects, and they can impair sleep quality, leaving individuals feeling groggy upon waking.

4. Eating heavy meals before bed
Eating large, heavy meals shortly before bedtime can lead to discomfort and disrupted sleep. Digestion requires energy, and the body may struggle to enter restorative sleep when it’s focused on processing a substantial meal. To combat EDS, individuals should aim to finish their meals at least two to three hours before bedtime.

5. Spending excessive time looking at a screen
Exposure to the blue light emitted by smartphones, tablets, and computers in the evening can suppress the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Prolonged screen time before bedtime can make it difficult to fall asleep and result in EDS. Establishing a screen-free wind-down routine in the hour leading up to sleep can help mitigate this issue.

6. Lacking physical activity
A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to EDS. Regular exercise has been shown to improve sleep quality and help individuals fall asleep more easily. Engaging in physical activity, even a brisk walk or light stretching, can promote better sleep and reduce daytime sleepiness.

7. Failing to get oneself checked for sleep disorders
Conditions like sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and insomnia can disrupt sleep and lead to EDS. Ignoring these sleep disorders can exacerbate daytime sleepiness. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if any sleep-related issues persist to identify and treat the underlying cause.

8. Failing to manage stress and anxiety
Chronic stress and anxiety can profoundly impact sleep quality and contribute to EDS. Individuals should explore stress management techniques, such as mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, or therapy, to alleviate these mental health issues and improve sleep.

9. Napping excessively
While brief power naps can be revitalizing, excessive daytime napping, especially late in the day, can interfere with nighttime sleep and lead to EDS. If daytime naps are necessary, keeping them short (20–30 minutes) and earlier in the day is advisable.

10. Ignoring sleep hygiene
Maintaining a sleep-conducive environment is crucial for combating EDS. Factors like a comfortable mattress, a dark and quiet room, and a suitable room temperature can significantly impact sleep quality. Neglecting these aspects of sleep hygiene can contribute to EDS.